Iko Kushanduka KwemaBusways: Kubva Pakutanga Kuenda Kwehunyanzvi Kufambira Mberi

Kuzvarwa kwenzira dzemabhazi ndiko kusimukira kwetekinoroji kunobva mukudhumhana kuri pakati pekukwidziridzwa kudiwa kwekugovera magetsi uye kuganhurirwa kwetambo dzechinyakare. Mumazuva ekutanga ekugovera magetsi mumaindasitiri, tambo dzaive sarudzo huru, asi dzaive nezvikanganiso zviri pachena: kutakura ikozvino-kukwanisa kutakura, kudzima kupisa kwakaderera, uye nhamba huru yemajoini. Kushandisa-kwenguva refu kwaiwanzoita kuti zvikundikane zvinokonzerwa nekusasangana zvakanaka. Dambudziko iri rakanyanya kuoneka munguva yekukura kweindasitiri-kuEurope nekuUnited States mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, sezvo kudiwa kuri kuramba kuchidzikama kwepamusoro-ikozvino kuparadzirwa kubva-mamotor emagetsi akakwirira, maturusi emuchina, nemimwe midziyo mumashopu efekitori zvakakonzera kuti pave nemhando yemigwagwa yemabhazi. Nzira dzemabhazi dzekutanga dzaive nechimiro chakapfava, chaingoshandisa masimbi emhangura semakondukita uye akafukidzwa negoko rekudzivirira. Kunyange vakagadzirisa-dambudziko riripo, kuchengetedzeka kwavo uye kuchinjika kwavo kuchiri kuda kuvandudzwa.

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, nyika yakapinda munguva yekuvakazve maindasitiri uye kuwedzera. Maindasitiri akadai sekugadzira mota, michina inorema, uye simbi zvakakurumidza kubudirira, zvichiwedzera kusimudza zvinodiwa pakugovera simba uye kugadzikana. Mushure memakore ekuma1950, nzira dzemabhazi{3} dzakadzivirirwa nemhepo dzakave dzakanyanya kushandiswa nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa: vakashandisa mikaha pakati pemakondukita ekuvharisa, izvo hazvina kungowedzera kutakura zvino-kutakura kusvika kumazana emaampere asi zvakare kurerutsa chimiro uye kunetsa kugadzirisa. Vachikwanisa kujairana nepamusoro-guruva uye yakasimba-nzvimbo dzinozunguzika mumashopu eindasitiri anorema, vakakurumidza kutsiva nzira yekuparadzira tambo dzakawanda dzakafanana uye dzikava chinhu chikuru chekugovera magetsi mufekitari-.

Zvadaro, kudiwa kwezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana kwakafambisa kuenderera mberi kwe tekinoroji yebhazi. Mushure memakore ekuma1970, nekusimukira kweindasitiri yezvemagetsi, nzvimbo-zvisina kumira zvakanaka zvakaita senzvimbo dzedata uye zvivakwa zvemahofisi zvakazobuda, zvichiburitsa nyaya yekukura kwenzira dzechinyakare dzemhepo-dzinovharirwa mabhazi. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nemigwagwa yebhazi. Kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwemakondukita akanyatsorongeka uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvinodzivirira, nzira dzemabhazi dzakadzikiswa uku dzichiwedzera-kutakura zvinhu{7}}hadzina kuzadzisa{8}simba rinodiwa remasevha nemidziyo yemuhofisi chete asi dzakagonesawo kuwedzera simba remangwana. Kunzvimbo dzakaomarara senge mashopu emakemikari, mapurazi emhepo ekumahombekombe, uye zvidyarwa zvekugadzira chikafu, nzira dzemabhazi dzakakandwa dzakagadzirwa. Yakaputirwa zvachose ne epoxy resin, nzira dzemabhazi idzi dzakabatanidza yakakwirira-yekudzivirira kupisa, kudzivirira kuchembera{12}}zvimiro, uye kuramba mafuta, mvura, uye mwando, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekugadzika kwekuparadzirwa munzvimbo dzakaoma.

Panguva imwe chete, kukwidziridzwa kwezvinhu kwakafambira mberi kwakafanana: mabhazi ekutanga aishandisa mhangura yakachena semakondakita, ayo aidhura. Gare gare, maaruminiyamu alloy conductor, ane zvaakanakira zvehuremu uye mutengo wakaderera, akazoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakati nepakati nepasi-voltage scenarios. Copper-aluminium composite conductors, iyo yakabatanidza kufambiswa kwemhangura kwakakwirira uye mutengo-kushanda kwealuminium, yakava sarudzo yaidiwa pakuparadzirwa kwemagetsi akatwasuka muzvivako zvakakwirira-.